Potions Basement
Answer: TIN CUP
Each of these substances has a chemical formula:
common table salt - Sodium chloride NaCl
rutile - Titanium dioxide TiO2
chalk (five pieces) - Calcium carbonate CaCO3 (x5)
lunar caustic - silver nitrate AgNO3
Han purple - barium copper silicate BaCuSi2O6
oil of vitriol - sulphuric acid H2SO4
white phosphorus - P4
water (six vials) - H2O (x6)
amethyst - SiO2
barite - BaSO4
bone ash - Ca5(OH)(PO4)3
caustic soda - NaOH
chlorargyrite - AgCl
oxygen (seven tanks) - O2 (x7)
pentane - C5H12
quartz - SiO2
If you add up all the atoms in the two lists, they don't quite match. The leftovers are
Ti, N, Cu, and P, so the answer is TIN CUP.